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Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI ((ラテン語:Urbanus VI); c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano ((:bartoloˈmɛːo priɲˈɲaːno)), was Pope from 8 April 1378 to his death in 1389. He was the last Pope to be elected from outside the College of Cardinals.
==Early life==
Born in Itri, Prignano was a devout monk and learned casuist, trained at Avignon. On 21 March 1364 he was consecrated Archbishop of Acerenza in the Kingdom of Naples. He became Archbishop of Bari in 1377.
Prignano had developed a reputation for simplicity and frugality and a head for business when acting Vice-Chancellor. He also demonstrated a penchant for learning, and, according to Cristoforo di Piacenza,〔In a letter to his master, Lodovico Gonzaga of Mantua; (Pastor 121, who adds "He was quickly and thoroughly undeceived!").〕 he was without ''famiglia'' in an age of nepotism, although once in the papal chair he elevated four cardinal-nephews and sought to place one of them in control of Naples. His great faults undid his virtues: Ludwig Pastor summed up his character: "He lacked Christian gentleness and charity. He was naturally arbitrary and extremely violent and imprudent, and when he came to deal with the burning ecclesiastical question of the day, that of reform, the consequences were disastrous."〔Pastor 122; on the urgency of reforms, see the contemporary letters of Catherine of Siena.〕
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